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Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound that serves as the primary energy currency in living cells. This nucleotide…
Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP)
Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP) is a crucial nucleotide that plays essential roles in cellular signaling, energy transfer, and protein synthesis. This…
Cytidine Triphosphate (CTP)
Cytidine Triphosphate (CTP) is a pyrimidine nucleotide that plays crucial roles in cellular metabolism, particularly in phospholipid biosynthesis and nucleic…
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) is a crucial nucleotide that plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism and various biochemical processes….
Guanosine Diphosphate (GDP)
Guanosine Diphosphate (GDP) is a crucial nucleotide that plays essential roles in cellular signaling, protein synthesis, and energy metabolism. It…
Cytidine Diphosphate (CDP)
Cytidine Diphosphate (CDP) is a crucial nucleotide that plays essential roles in cellular metabolism and biosynthetic pathways. It consists of…
Uridine Diphosphate (UDP)
Uridine Diphosphate (UDP) is a vital nucleotide that plays crucial roles in cellular metabolism, glycosylation processes, and energy transfer reactions….
Uridine Triphosphate (UTP)
Uridine Triphosphate (UTP) is a pyrimidine nucleotide that plays essential roles in cellular metabolism, particularly in RNA synthesis, glycogen metabolism,…
Alanine tRNA and the Birth of Sequencing: The Legacy of Robert W. Holley
In the annals of molecular biology, the sequencing of alanine transfer RNA (tRNA) from yeast stands as a monumental achievement….
Arcus Cloud
Arcus clouds are dramatic, low-level, horizontal cloud formations that often appear as a dense, shelf-like or roll-like structure along the…
Capillary Electrophoresis
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful analytical technique used to separate ionic species based on their size-to-charge ratio. It is…
Automation of Sanger Sequencing Using Fluorescent Dideoxynucleotides and Capillary Electrophoresis
Sanger sequencing, developed by Frederick Sanger in the late 1970s, was the first widely adopted method for determining the nucleotide…
DNA Sequencer
A DNA sequencer is a laboratory instrument used to determine the precise order of nucleotides—adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C),…
Bacteriophage ϕX174
Bacteriophage ϕX174 is a well-studied virus that infects Escherichia coli and related bacteria. It belongs to the family Microviridae and…
DNA Sequencing: Timeline of Key Events
DNA sequencing, the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, has revolutionized biology, biotechnology, and…