Category: Lab Notes

Prodigiosin is a striking red-pink pigment belonging to the class of tripyrrole compounds, primarily produced by certain strains of bacteria,…

Echinenone is a naturally occurring red-orange carotenoid pigment belonging to the class of xanthophylls, which are oxygen-containing derivatives of carotenes. …

Scytonemin is a unique, yellow-brown pigment produced exclusively by cyanobacteria as a protective adaptation to extreme sunlight exposure, particularly ultraviolet…

Betalains are a class of water-soluble, nitrogen-containing plant pigments that are distinct from the more widely known carotenoids and flavonoids. …

Phycoerythrin is a brilliant red, water-soluble phycobiliprotein pigment found primarily in red algae (Rhodophyta) and some cyanobacteria.  It belongs to…

Phycobilins are a class of water-soluble, open-chain tetrapyrrole pigments found primarily in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), red algae (Rhodophyta), and some…

Flavonoids are a diverse and widespread group of polyphenolic compounds found abundantly in the plant kingdom, known for their wide…

Betaxanthins are a class of yellow to orange water-soluble pigments belonging to the betalain family, a unique group of nitrogen-containing…

Betacyanins are a group of reddish to violet water-soluble pigments belonging to the betalain family, which are nitrogen-containing compounds distinct…

Hemoglobin is a complex protein molecule found in red blood cells (erythrocytes) that plays a vital role in transporting oxygen…

Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments belonging to the flavonoid family of compounds, responsible for producing red, purple, and blue colors in…

Alpha-tocopherol, the most biologically active form of vitamin E, is a fat-soluble antioxidant that plays essential roles in human health…

Lycopene is a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment responsible for the vibrant red and pink hues in various fruits and vegetables,…

Microchimerism is a biological phenomenon in which a small population of genetically distinct cells exists within an individual, originating from…

Coelomic fluid is a biologically active liquid found within the coelomic cavity—a fluid-filled space enclosed by a mesodermal lining called…