Category: Lab Notes
β-oxidation
β-oxidation is a metabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down in cells to generate energy. This process occurs…
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the complex and dynamic process by which living organisms maintain stable internal conditions necessary for survival, despite continuously…
Metabolism
Metabolism encompasses all the chemical reactions and processes that occur within living organisms to maintain life. These complex networks of…
How Oxygen Shaped Life on Earth
The presence and gradual increase of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere stands as one of the most profound events in the…
Cell Culture Applications
Cell culture is a foundational technique in biological and biomedical research that involves the growth and maintenance of cells in…
Topic: RNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase RNA Polymerase I RNA Polymerase II RNA Polymerase III RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase DNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Viral Polymerases …
Topic: Nucleolus
Nucleolus Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Nucleophosmin (NPM) in Nucleolus Nucleolar Proteome Nucleolar Organizer Region Evolutionary Insights from the Nucleolar Proteome …
Cobalt Doping
Cobalt doping refers to the intentional introduction of cobalt ions (typically Co²⁺ or Co³⁺) into a host material to modify…
Spintronics (Spin Electronics)
Spintronics, short for “spin electronics,” is an emerging field of nanotechnology and condensed matter physics that exploits both the intrinsic…
Topic: Ion Channel
Ion Channel Sodium Channel Epithelial Sodium Channels (ENaC) Potassium Channel Inward-Rectifier Potassium Channel (Kir Channel) Calcium Channel Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel …
Evolution of DNA Sequencing Technologies
The ability to read the nucleotide sequence of DNA—the molecular script of life—has transformed the biological sciences and medicine. From…
Topic: Adenine
Adenine Adenosine Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) Dideoxyadenosine Diadenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (ApA) Dinucleoside…
Cytidine Diphosphate (CDP)
Cytidine Diphosphate (CDP) is a crucial nucleotide that plays essential roles in cellular metabolism and biosynthetic pathways. It consists of…
Topic: Sequencing
Sanger Sequencing DNA Sequencing High-Throughput Genomic Sequencing Technology RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Illumina Sequencing by Synthesis Whole Exome…
Topic: Lightning
Lightning Lightning Electromagnetics Lightning Power: Potential and Limitations Energetic Radiation from Lightning Upper-Atmospheric Lightning Fulminology