Category: Lab Notes

Rare-Earth Elements in World Politics

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Rare-earth elements (REEs) have become a strategic asset in global politics due to their essential role in advanced technologies, clean…

Intron-less Genes in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic organisms, the majority of genes are composed of exons and introns, with introns being non-coding sequences that are…

Protein Biomarkers for Tau Pathology

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Tau pathology is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders collectively known as tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD),…

Tau Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease

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In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), tau pathology is one of the defining molecular hallmarks, alongside amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation.  Tau, a microtubule-associated…

Hydroxocobalamin

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Hydroxocobalamin is a form of vitamin B₁₂, a water-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in red blood cell formation,…

Topic: Bacteria

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Bacteria Bacterial Database   Aerobic Bacteria Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria   Beyond Unicellularity: Multicellular Behaviors in Bacteria    Lactic Acid…

Kanamycin A Vs Kanamycin B

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Criteria Kanamycin A Kanamycin B Remarks Chemical Structure Composed of 2-deoxystreptamine linked to 3-amino-3-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and 6-amino-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose Structurally similar but differs…

Obsidian as a Testing Stone for Gold

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The practice of using dark stones to test precious metals dates back to ancient times, and while obsidian can serve…

Obsidian

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Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava cools so rapidly that mineral crystals do not have time…

Waterspout

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A waterspout is a column of rotating air and mist that forms over a body of water, usually appearing as…

Topic: Antibiotics

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Antibiotic   Antibiotics: Timeline of Key Events   Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Antibiotics Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier   Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria  Bactericidal Antibiotics…

Miscibility Vs Solubility

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Criteria Miscibility Solubility Remarks Definition The ability of two liquids to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous solution The…

Topic: Cell

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Cell   Prokaryotic Cell   Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell vs Eukaryotic Cell   Animal Cell Animal Cell vs Plant Cell    Animal Mitochondria Vs…

Topoisomerases in Viral Replication

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Viruses rely heavily on topoisomerases for successful replication, though their dependence on these enzymes varies based on viral genome type…

Topoisomerases and Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Topoisomerases play significant roles in neuronal function and their dysfunction has been increasingly linked to various neurodegenerative conditions. Type IB…